{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/iiif/31347/manifest","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Save Wawamalu!","thumbnail":{"@id":"https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/iiif-img/35757/full/168%2C200/0/default.jpg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/iiif-img/35757","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"attribution":"University of Hawaii at Manoa Digital Image Collection","related":{"@id":"https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/show/31347","format":"text/html"},"metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Save Wawamalu!"},{"label":"Subject","value":"Hawaii--History--1959-"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Kelly, John"},{"label":"Publisher","value":"Save Wawamalu Association"},{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1972"},{"label":"Format","value":"statement"},{"label":"Type","value":"Image"},{"label":"Extent","value":"8"},{"label":"Full Text","value":"SAVE WAWAMALU ASSOCIATION\\nFact Sheet\\nORGANIZATION   SWA is an association organized by residents of the Hawaii Kai area in response to Kaiser-Aetna's request to the City that certain parcels of land in the Wawamalu area be rezoned from single-family residential and agricultural to low density apartment, commercial, and resort hotel uses.  The following is a compilation of some of the basic issues involved in the case.  For more detailed information, contact Earl or Sheila Babbie (395-2274).\\n\\nAREA AND       The specific parcels affected by this request include (a) the area just NAME OF AREA   mauka of Sandy Beach for apartments, (b) one area deeper in Kalama Valley for commercial, and (c) two resort areas and one commercial area on the makai side of the highway just past Sandy Beach.  All these parcels lie within a larger area which includes Kalama Valley, the surrounding ridges, and the makai side of the highway from Sandy Beach to Makapuu Point.  The developers call this area Queen's Beach,  SWA originally was called the Save Queen's Beach Association until we learned that that name was created by the developer and has no historical or official status,  We adopted, instead, the name Wawamalu  --  an earlier Hawaiian place name which refers to part of the development area.  The State Advisory Committee on Geographic Names is now trying to decide on an official name for the area.  Until their decision is reached, we will use Wawamalu to refer to the same area the developer calls Queen's Beach,\\n\\nPLAN FOR FULL  This rezoning request is only the first part of a larger plan for resort, WAWAMALU AREA  residential, and commercial development in the area.  We feel that the request must be viewed in the context of the larger plan.  The accompanying map shows the full area included in the \"Queen's Beach\" segment of the Kaiser-Aetna development plans.  This map is a copy of part of the Detailed Land Use Map which was adopted in 1966 as an amendment to the State plan, the entire map, which also includes the \"Marina Division\" of the Hawaii Kai development covers exactly the area controlled by Kaiser-Aetna and was, we believe, originally drawn up and submitted to the State by Kaiser Development Corporation.  On the portion of the map attached, the areas involved in the current request are numbered 1-7.\\n\\nCURRENT  The attached table presents a detailed description of the current request.  Two REZONING points should be noted.  Although the developer states that it plans a much REQUEST  lower total number of units than would be allowed (2660 vs. 5320) there is no legal means to keep them from developing to the maximum once rezoning is granted. Also, for comparison, the total number of residential units currently in the entire \"Marina Division\" of Hawaii Kai (the area between May Way and Koko Head) is 4500.\\n\\nNUMBER OF UNITS  In a broader context, the current zoning for the full Hawaii Kai area POSSIBLE IN THE   (including the \"Marina Division\" and the \"Queen's Beach Division\") would ENTIRE H -- K AREA  permit Kaiser-Aetna the maximum construction of 21,372 residential units. If their Detailed Land Use Map plans were fully implemented (all rezoning granted to densities shown on map), the Planning Department estimates that the total number of residential units could be 23,880 and there could be about 7756 hotel rooms  --  totaling 31,636 units, or slightly more than seven times the current population of Hawaii Kai,\\n\\nKAISER\" AETNA'S PLANS  Kaiser-Aetna has stated that they do not plan to develop to full FOR ENTIRE AREA       density, although there is no way they can be legally restricted from doing so.  They do not wish to give us exact figures on proposed density, but 15,000 - 16,000 residential units and 4,000 - 5,000 hotel rooms have been mentioned,  Their -record shows they have developed below possible maximum capacity in some of the completed subdivisions;  it also shows  two  areas in the \"Marina Division\" of Hawaii Kai which have been developed beyond the residential capacity shown on the 1966 Detailed Land Use Map, representing 136 extra units.\\n_________________________________________________________________\\nIMPACTS OF CARRYING OUT KAISER-AETNA'S FULL PLANS\\n\\nNOTE:    For the statistics on traffic and so forth, we shall use the alleged Kaiser-Aetna plans for 16,000 residential units and 5,000 hotel units. Bear in mind that these are much lower figures than the planned zoning would allow.\\n\\nTRAFFIC PRESENT     Kalanianaole Highway is a narrow corridor greatly congested by normal CONDITIONS  weekday rush-hour traffic, with increasing congestion during weekend beach traffic and Honolulu-bound evening traffic.  Even minor accidents or heavy rains can cause long delays, triggering further accidents.  No alternative routes are available for emergencies such as tsunami.  The highway is not an expressway -- between Hawaii Kai and the beginning of the freeway, there are 28 streets plus 183 mauka and 200 makai private driveways feeding into the highway,\\n\\nPROJECTED   Using the City Department of Traffic's general estimate that peak hour TRAFFIC     trips equal 60% of the residential units in an area, approximately 9,600 peak hour trips would be generated from the whole Hawaii Kai resident population.  Using the same computation, 2,700 trips are now generated.  The resorts would generate (roughly) 5 trips per room per day, and 10% of those would be during peak hours -- or 2,500 trips during peak hours.  Of course, resort traffic would be likely to add even more heavily to weekend and evening traffic problems. Thus, at least four times as much traffic will be created at this end of the traffic corridor\\n\\nPROJECTED   The key fact here is that no one, not even the developer's own traffic HIGHWAY     consultant, has been able to suggest solutions that will accommodate the IMPROVEMENT full planned population increase along the corridor.  The report prepared for Kaiser-Aetna by DeLeuw Cather Engineering Company suggests only \"immediate and intermediate improvements\" and estimates a cost of $10 million (not including right-of-way acquisition) and five years to carry out those improvements.  Although the State and City traffic departments are working with this report, there is no guarantee that these plans will be accepted, and the cost and time figures are probably optimistic.  And even if everything DeLeuw Gather suggests was carried out, they themselves state that it will increase the capacity of the corridor by 60 percent.  Bear in mind that the population of the corridor will increase approximately 130 percent as a result of the planned residential development at the Hawaii Kai end alone.  New developments elsewhere along the corridor, plus the Kaiser-Aetna resort complex, will make matters even worse.\\n_________________________________________________________________\\nPARK AND BEACH USE\\n\\nPARK   We have attempted to get, from Kaiser-Aetna and from appropriate city and USE    state departments, details of the extent of park and beach availability and use in the area.  Such figures do not seem to be available.  Kaiser-Aetna assures us that Hawaii Kai has ample park space  --  much of it in the form of playground-swimming pool areas available only to residents of the surrounding development, plus the Hawaii Kai Recreation Center which requires a substantial family membership dues and allows guests only upon payment of additional fees. The slopes of the ridges in Hawaii Kai are counted by Kaiser-Aetna in their generous estimate of available open space.  Of course, these slopes are not accessible to residents, either because of excessive grade or, as in the recent case on the corner of May Way and Kawaihae Street, because Kaiser-Aetna development activities (in this case a 24 storey hi-rise) cuts off access to a previously much-used and enjoyed hiking trail.\\n\\nBEACH USE As far as beach use is concerned, all residents of the area who try to use Hanauma Bay, Sandy Beach or even Makapuu Beach know these areas are already seriously overcrowded.  Increasing the resident population to almost four times the current size and adding a possible 10,000 tourists between Sandy Beach and Makapuu with no good swimming beach for their own use seems ridiculous. (\"Queen's Beach\" is not a beach.)  Residents and tourists alike will suffer.\\n\\nWAWAMALU  Despite Kaiser-Aetna's statements to the contrary, the Wawamalu coast area SHORELINE  is used for a variety of purposes by many people.  Thirteen surfing sites were identified in that area by the 1971 Statewide Surfing Site Survey. A number of these sites have been observed being used at or above the rated site capacity according to the survey.  The shoreline in question is also used extensively for fishing, camping, strolling, gathering of limu, opihi, ha'uke'uke, shells, and other food supplies.  This is one of the few natural open shoreline areas on Oahu and certainly the only area easily accessible to residents of Southeast Oahu,\\n\\nSTATE AND CITY  The Overview study was commissioned by Governor Burns to survey the RECOMMENDATIONS  open space needs of the state and to recommend principal areas of open land which should be purchased by the state for open space use. The preliminary Overview report specifically mentions the Wawamalu shoreline. The full details of the Overview recommendations will be available as soon as the study is completed.\\nThe City Parks Department has also requested that the rezoning request be denied until a new Oahu parks plan can be developed.  \"In view of this great need for ocean front property and the potential for this particular area, which is so close to the heavily populated area of Oahu, presents for satisfying these needs, we recommend that the request for resort zoning be denied...[until the need for further resort areas and comprehensive parks plan can be studied],\"\\n\\nPUBLIC  The current Kaiser-Aetna plans for Wawamalu call for a small park between the BEACH   two initial resort developments,  When the Save Wawamalu Association asked the ACCESS  City Planning Department about the likelihood of public beach access, they quoted the developer as follows:  \"We expect this park site would be maintained as a private recreational area for the use of hotel guests as well as those residents within Queen's Beach who are entitled to the use of that park site.\"\\n_________________________________________________________________\\nSEWAGE TREATMENT\\n\\nPRESENT\\nKaiser-Aetna owns and operates the only sewage treatment plant serving the CONDITIONS   area.  It was built by the developers since the City did not plan to build a plant fast enough for the proposed K-A development plans.  The plant was originally built with growth in mind.  It has recently shifted (as planned) from primary to secondary treatment of sewage.  Secondary treatment, as long as it is functioning correctly, will probably eliminate bacterial pollution from the sewage. However, another potentially destructive aspect of sewage pollution is not appreciably altered:   build-up.  Six of the 19 monthly nitrogen measurements taken in 1970-72 exceeded State standards and three were equal to State standards,  It has not been determined exactly what the source of the excess nutrient is.  We were not able to see any of the studies of ocean currents which Kaiser-Aetna says have been done  Unless the studies show there were no currents toward shore during these high-count periods, it would seem that at least some of the 1.3 million gallons of effluent per day is at times carried toward shore. There is considerable debate over the effects of nutrient build-up in Hawaiian waters.  Kaneohe Bay is one example of proven negative effects.  Surfers have watched the increased growth of algae in the Sandy Beach area and have complained of bad smells over the past few years as the sewage volume has increased steadily. Unfortunately, there seem to have been no studies of the patterns of algae growth over time,\\n\\nFUTURE\\nAs the resident population increases to three or four times its current CONDITIONS  size, and 5000 hotel rooms full of tourists (plus hotel employees) add to the sewage flow, we cannot expect the situation to improve.  Hotel sewage is particularly rich in nutrients,  The Kaiser-Aetna plant is planned to have an ultimate capacity of nine million gallons of sewage per day (as compared with 13 m.g.d, when the plant was operating as a primary treatment plant a few months ago.)  Thus, the ultimate capacity will be approximately seven times the recent flow,  Kaiser-Aetna plans to water and fertilize their golf courses with one to two m.g.d.  This is a good idea.  There may be some problems during rainy seasons, but giving K-A the full benefit of the doubt, this would decrease the maximum amount of sewage dumped at the outfall to 7 million gallons per day -- or about 5,4 times the recent flow.  Secondary treatment removes from 20% to 40% of the nutrients (30% is generally used for estimation).  Computing on this basis, the ultimate discharge of nutrients will be about 3.8 times the discharges during those years when water quality samples showed nitrogen levels at or above State standards about half the time.\\n\\nMore detailed study must be undertaken with regard to currents and the effects of, nutrient build-up before anyone can state that there will be no ill effects from the significant increase in nutrients.  The time to discover the dangers is now -- before allowing more residential and resort development -- not after it is too late.\\n\\nOTHER IMPACTS\\nWe have examined only three major areas of impact.  Clearly, there are many other points of concern.  There are no medical facilities planned for the Hawaii Kai area.  Much of the land area -- including the only highway -- would be under water if a tsunami comparable to the one of April 1, 1946, were to strike.  School construction will have to keep up with the population increase -- but can it? What about the noise and dust pollution from construction which residents of Hawaii Kai are already personally familiar with?  What about storm drainage effects on Sandy Beach?\\n_________________________________________________________________\\nIS THERE A NEED FOR THIS DEVELOPMENT?\\n\\nHOUSING   Kaiser-Aetna has sought to justify their rezoning request, in part, by SHORTAGE  reference to the critical housing shortage which concerns and affects us all.  By failing to examine the nature of the shortage in any depth, the developer does not seem to realize that the proposed development is an excellent example of why there is a housing crisis in the first place.\\n\\nThe State- commissioned study, Housing in Hawaii: Problems , Needs and Plans (Marshall Kaplan, Cans, Kahn, and Yamamoto, 1971), clearly indicates that the critical housing shortage in Hawaii exists primarily for low and moderate income families.  The continued construction of high-cost housing only contributes to increased inflation in housing.  For example, in 1964, 4.6% of the new tract housing units cost over $30,000;  in 1969, 77.5% were in this bracket.  The average new mortgage increased by more than $15,000 in the single year between 1967 and 1968.  Overall, the report concludes that \"three- fourths of the new single-family homes being produced are too expensive for three-fourths of the State's households,\"\\n\\nThe MKGKY report also considers the effect of tourist development on the housing crisis: \", . .the growth of the tourist industry has spawned a growing number of low-income workers. , .[and] hotel development has served to restrict the amount of capital available for housing except in the higher price ranges. \"\\n\\nAfter expressing concern about the current housing shortage, Kaiser-Aetna has proceeded to propose a large tourist development accompanied by high-cost housing units,  (Kaiser-Aetna refuses to estimate the cost of housing units in the Wawamalu development, but one sub-contractor  --  Grant Corporation  --  has indicated that its units will cost between $54,000 and $60,000.)  If Kaiser-Aetna were genuinely concerned about the housing crisis in Hawaii, they would have proposed to develop housing for low and moderate income families,  What they have proposed will only make matters worse.\\n\\nRESORT The above discussion indicated that extensi\ne tourist industry developments HOTEL tend to worsen the State's residential housing shortage. At the same time, NEEDS there is simply no need for additional resort development as proposed for\\n\\nWawamalu.  The Department of Planning and Economic Development had this to say about the Kaiser-Aetna plans: \"It would appear, therefore, that the need for additional resort zoning does not exist at this time.  Not only will planned units meet Oahu's needs to 1980, but the potential exists for construction of additional thousands of units within areas currently zoned for resort use.\" Along this same line, DPED's comprehensive Tourism Impact Plan recommends that \"a moratorium be declared on additional zoning for resort development, \" The report also states that \"It is no longer adequate or advisable simply to designate locations for resort development without consideration of the physical, social, and economic impact of development on the State and Counties as a whole.\"\\n_________________________________________________________________\\nPUBLIC  The people who will have to live with the results of the Wawamalu development OPINION have indicated that they do not want it.  In February, 1972, a public opinion poll was conducted among a random sample of some 350 households in Hawaii Kai. Of those who had any opinion on the rezoning issue, 55% said they were opposed to it.  This survey result closely paralleled the results of earlier surveys in Niu Valley and Aina Haina when residents were asked for their reactions to the Hawaii Loa Ridge development.  Residents all along Kalanianaole Highway are in agreement that they do not want more development.\\n\\nMany community groups have publicly indicated concern about the Wawamalu development: including the Hawaii Kai Council of Community Associations, the Portlock Community Association, the Kuliouou Community Association, the Outdoor Circle, Life of the Land, the Sierra Club, the Conservation Council, Citizens for Hawaii, Save Our Surf, Youth Action, PAUSE, Zero Population Growth and others.\\n\\nHundreds of residents have signed petitions opposing the development, hundreds have attended public meetings to organize community opposition.  It is clear that the people of Southeast Oahu (and people from all over the island) do not want the development.\\n\\nWHAT CAN YOU DO?\\nThe Kaiser-Aetna development plans for Wawamalu are both unnecessary and dangerous. The mood of public opinion is clearly opposed to the development.  Still, people often believe there is nothing they can do to affect such matters.  Unfortunately, this will be true for as long as we believe it and do nothing.  If you will join us in speaking out and taking action, however, the whole pattern of overdevelopment on Oahu can be changed.  Here are some of the things you can do.\\n\\n1.  Call, write, or visit public officials and express your opposition to the development of Wawamalu.  (A partial directory of public officials is included with this fact sheet.)\\n2. Write letters to the editors of local newspapers expressing your opposition.\\n3.  If you belong to community organizations, discuss the Wawamalu issue at organizational meetings and ask the organizations to take public stands against the development.\\n4.  Check your local newspapers for announcements of public hearings regarding the rezoning request.  Attend.  Testify.\\n5.  Sign and circulate petitions opposing the development.\\n6.  Contact the Save Wawamalu Association (395-2274) to find out how you can help with organizational and research activities.\\n7.  Question candidates for public office as to their positions on the Wawamalu issue in particular and development in general.\\n8.  Urge your family and friends to do any or all of the above.\\n"}],"sequences":[{"@id":"https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/iiif/31347/sequence/normal","@type":"sc:Sequence","label":"Current Page 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